Methanolysis and Hydrolysis of Polycarbonate Under Moderate Conditions

Alkali-catalyzed methanolysis and hydrolysis of polycarbonate (PC) in a solvent in which PC can substantially dissolve such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and so on were studied. Reaction conditions were optimized for the purpose of recycling PC in the form of bisphenol A and carbon carbonate. The results showed that both the methanolysis and hydrolysis of PC could take place under moderate conditions. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 40 °C, m(PC):m(MeOH) = 1:1, m(PC):m(NaOH) = 50:1, reaction time 35 min and using tetrahydrofuran as solvent, the methanolysis conversion of PC was almost 100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 95%. Moreover, under the conditions of reaction temperature 100 °C, m(PC):m(H₂O) = 1:0.7, m(PC):m(NaOH) = 10:1, reaction time 8 h and using 1,4-dioxane as solvent, the hydrolysis conversion of PC was almost 100% and the yield of bisphenol A was over 94%.     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

基于合成孔径雷达的城市建筑地震受损分析

汶川地震灾区位于青藏高原东缘,该地区云雨天气较多,光学遥感受制约较大,而微波能够穿透云、雾、小雨等,且不受太阳光线的影响,雷达遥感具有全天时、全天候的特点,因而可以弥补光学遥感的不足。根据房屋受地震破坏后影响雷达回波强度,在雷达影像上表现为亮度及纹理不同的原理,本论文利用不同分辨率的COSMO-SkyMed和Radarsat等SAR数据,将其与震前的SPOT影像进行配准后,通过纹理分析等处理,对都江堰市区、北川县城曲山镇等受灾较为严重的城镇进行分析解译,利用雷达影像判读出倒塌房屋的信息,以及地震次生山地灾害对城镇的破坏。     

载钯螯合树脂的制备、表征及其降解多溴联苯醚的初步研究

以聚丙烯醛-异烟酰腙螯合树脂为高分子载体, 利用其活性基团对钯的选择性富集分离性能, 将金属元素钯键合到高分子载体上, 制备一种含钯树脂材料(树脂1), 并进一步原位还原得到还原态的载钯树脂(树脂2)。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等对以上2种含钯树脂材料进行了分析表征，并考察了它们对持久性有机污染物(POPs)多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的脱溴降解性能。结果表明,2种树脂对BDE₂₀₉均有降解活性， 其中树脂1的降解性能比树脂2的降解性能要高， 树脂中钯的氧化形态可能对BDE₂₀₉的催化降解起主要作用。     

China''s Total Emission Control Policy:a Critical Review

As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission c...     

A real-time,dynamic early-warning model based on uncertainty analysis and risk assessment for sudden water pollution accidents

A real-time, dynamic, early-warning model (EP-risk model) is proposed to cope with sudden water quality pollution accidents affecting downstream areas with raw-water intakes (denoted as EPs). The EP-risk model outputs the risk level of water pollution at the EP by calculating the likelihood of pollution and evaluating the impact of pollution. A generalized form of the EP-risk model for river pollution accidents based on Monte Carlo simulation, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and the risk matrix method is proposed. The likelihood of water pollution at the EP is calculated by the Monte Carlo method, which is used for uncertainty analysis of pollutants’ transport in rivers. The impact of water pollution at the EP is evaluated by expert knowledge and the results of Monte Carlo simulation based on the analytic hierarchy process. The final risk level of water pollution at the EP is determined by the risk matrix method. A case study of the proposed method is illustrated with a phenol spill accident in China.     

原料转运站除尘系统设计及应用

针对原料转运站除尘系统常见问题,结合工程实例,从管网系统设计、除尘器选型、系统控制及日常维护等方面阐述解决方法。     

城市社会体育志愿者组织建设的实践性研究——以秦皇岛市社会体育志愿者组织为例

应用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实证研究法,探讨了城市社会体育志愿者组织建设的方法策略,即以高校社会体育专业成立志愿者分队为基点,依托当地已有的志愿者组织平台,融合吸纳更多的社会体育志愿者加入社会体育志愿者大队。通过社会体育志愿者分队的组建及服务项目的实施,为政府落实《建立全民健身志愿服务长效化机制工作方案》提供参考意见,同时也为提高社会体育专业学生的专业能力和人文素养搭建平台。     

一体化臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红印染模拟废水

针对含酸性玫瑰红印染废水高色度、难生物降解的特点,分别采用了一体化和分离式臭氧-曝气生物滤池(O3-BAF)工艺处理。与分离式工艺相比,一体化工艺的特点是在一个反应器内部同时实现臭氧氧化和生化的协同作用,降低了处理设施的基建和运行费用。实验结果表明,一体化工艺处理效果明显优于分离式工艺,脱色率达92%,COD去除率达60%,处理效果良好。